/boot/efi can't be mounted after kernel update Ubuntu 13.04

/boot/efi can't be mounted after kernel update Ubuntu 13.04

After installing the latest updates it appears that the new version of the
kernel which was installed (3.8.0-29) will not boot properly.
Whenever I try to boot using this new kernel, I get an error message
indicating that there was an error mounting /boot/efi.
This only happens with this new kernel, as starting up with the older
kernel versions works fine.
In case this helps, I have a laptop with UEFI, and I dual boot Ubuntu
13.04 and Windows 8.
Edit: I tried everything in Rod Smith's answer but I am still having the
issue
The exact error message is:
An error occurred while mounting /boot/efi.
Press S to skip mounting or M for manual recovery
Pressing S just brings me to a terminal login screen, while pressing M
brings me to a recovery terminal.
Here are the the results of the commands you asked me to run:
$ grep efi /etc/fstab
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=F433-DF4C /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1
$ sudo blkid
/dev/sda1: LABEL="WINRE_DRV" UUID="4A46311E46310C67" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="SYSTEM_DRV" UUID="F433-DF4C" TYPE="vfat"
/dev/sda3: LABEL="LRS_ESP" UUID="5034-7FB2" TYPE="vfat"
/dev/sda5: LABEL="Windows8_OS" UUID="989E38469E381F66" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda6: LABEL="LENOVO" UUID="32EE3B04EE3AC041" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda7: LABEL="PBR_DRV" UUID="14243C89243C703A" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda8: UUID="b5377bd7-1953-4cb0-b30d-9ee5a466760c" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda9: UUID="be7e2af0-3cc7-4e3c-82a1-e28e3d4b4ba6" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="CRUZER" UUID="28A2-35DE" TYPE="vfat"
While /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda3 both look similar on my system /dev/sda2 is
the one with the "boot" flag, and changing the entry in fstab to the UUID
for /dev/sda3 made no difference.